For Loops

'''
Loops in Python:
Sometimes we want to execute a group of statements a certain number of times. This can be done using loops.
Loops are used to execute a block of code repeatedly, either a fixed number of time.
Based on this, loops are further classified into following types; for loop, while loop, nested loop.
'''

'''
For-loop:
A for-loop in Python is used for iterating over sequences such as lists, tuples, strings, dictionaries, and even ranges. It simplifies respective tasks and enhances the code efficiency.
'''

name = "Sindhu"
for i in name:
    print(i)
#output = S
#         i
#         n
#         d
#         h
#         u
#Here "i" denotes every character of the string "Sindhu"

name1 = "Shilpa"
for i in name1:
    print(i)
    if(i == "p"):
        print("This is special")
#output = S
#         h
#         i
#         l
#         p
#         This is special
#         a

colors = ["Black", "White", "Blue"]
for color in colors:
    print(color)
    for i in color:
        print(i)
#output = Black
#         B
#         l
#         a
#         c
#         k
#         White
#         W
#         h
#         i
#         t
#         e
#         Blue
#         B
#         l
#         u
#         e

'''
Range():
In Python, range is a in-built function used to generate a sequence of numbers. It's commonly used for looping a specific number of times, especially in for loops.
Basic Syntax:
range(stop)
range(start, stop)
range(start, stop, step)
'''
for k in range(5):
    print(k)         
#output = 0
#         1
#         2
#         3
#         4
    print(k + 1)
#output = 1
#         2
#         3
#         4
#         5
for k in range(1, 9):
    print(k)
#output = 1
#         2
#         3
#         4
#         5
#         6
#         7
#         8
    print(k +1)
#output = 2-9 printed vertically
#If it was (k +2), the output would be 3-10 printed vertically.
#for k in range(1 , 5001):
#    print(k)
#output = 1-5000 printed vertically

#For a range(n), Python considers it as (0, n) by-default.
#For a range(1, n), Python considers it as (1, (n-1)).

for k in range(1, 12, 2):
    print(k)
#output = 1
#         3
#         5
#         7
#         9
#         11

'''
Let's break down the three parameters of range(x, y, z)- or more formally range(start, stop, step).
1.start(the first parameter: x)
a. This is where the range begins.
b. This is inclusive i.e. range starts from this number.
c. If we leave this out, Python by-default assumes it starts from 0.

Example:
range(2, 12, 2)  - Starts from 2

2.stop(the second parameter: y)
a. This is where the range stops, but it is exclusive i.e. it goes up, but does not include this number.

Example:
range(2, 12, 2)   - Goes up to 10(not 12)

3.step(the third parameter: z)
a. This tells Python how much to move forward(or backward) after each step.
b. Default is 1.
c. Can be negative to count backwards.

Example(positive step):
range(2, 12, 2)   output = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
Example(negative step)
range(10, 2, -2)  output = 10, 8, 6, 4
'''


for k in range(2, 12, 3):
    print(k)
#output = 2
#         5
#         8
#         11




    


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